Precision Agriculture Science and Technology ISSN:2672-0086(Print) 2713-5632(Online) 정밀농업과학기술

The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has spurred a significant interest in optimizing greenhouse climate regulation to enhance crop yield, quality, and energy efficiency. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control, a widely used feedback control technique, has emerged as a promising solution for maintaining optimal greenhouse conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of PID control in greenhouse climate regulation. A detailed analysis of the PID control algorithm's components, namely Proportional, Integral, and Derivative terms, highlights their respective roles in achieving precise regulation of temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, and ventilation. Moreover, the review explores the challenges associated with parameter tuning and controller stability in greenhouse settings. The review discusses sensor technologies, and communication protocols, which enable real-time data feedback and enhance the performance of PID controllers. Furthermore, the review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent studies and field applications showcasing the effectiveness of PID control in greenhouse environments. Comparative studies with other control strategies are also discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of PID control in addressing varying climate conditions and crop-specific requirements. Additionally, recent advancements in machine learning-based PID tuning techniques are explored, offering promising alternatives for optimizing greenhouse climate management. The review shows that PID control is a promising approach for greenhouse climate regulation. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed, such as the uncertainty of the greenhouse climate model and the non-linearity of the greenhouse system. Future research should focus on addressing these challenges and developing more advanced PID control techniques for greenhouse applications.